[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/islamska-revoluce-v-nejmodernejsi-zemi-blizkeho-vychodu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/islamska-revoluce-v-nejmodernejsi-zemi-blizkeho-vychodu\/","headline":"Isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 revoluce v nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu","name":"Isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 revoluce v nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu","description":"Dozvuky z let 1978 – 79 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed politiku a vztahy mezi mnoha st\u00e1ty a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne. Z p\u0159\u00e1tel se stali nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, ze soused\u016f rivalov\u00e9 a ka\u017ed\u00fd nau\u010dn\u00fd slovn\u00edk to bude vykl\u00e1dat…P\u0159e\u010d\u00edstIsl\u00e1msk\u00e1 revoluce v nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu<\/span><\/span><\/a>","datePublished":"2019-12-09","dateModified":"2023-06-09","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cfe4dae5aaf43720425415780408681beb9b9a829e9a657295ed1cacce5febc2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/cfe4dae5aaf43720425415780408681beb9b9a829e9a657295ed1cacce5febc2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"reporty.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364361_w4206_t1577104833.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364361_w4206_t1577104833.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/islamska-revoluce-v-nejmodernejsi-zemi-blizkeho-vychodu\/","about":["Politika"],"wordCount":921,"articleBody":"Dozvuky z let 1978 – 79 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed politiku a vztahy mezi mnoha st\u00e1ty a\u017e do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne. Z p\u0159\u00e1tel se stali nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, ze soused\u016f rivalov\u00e9 a ka\u017ed\u00fd nau\u010dn\u00fd slovn\u00edk to bude vykl\u00e1dat trochu jinak.\t\tAbyste si v tom zmatku ud\u011blali po\u0159\u00e1dek, m\u016f\u017eete to zkusit n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zeptat se dne\u0161n\u00edch mlad\u00fdch \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f, jak to vid\u00ed oni. Jejich odpov\u011bdi by se daly shrnout do n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch v\u011bt. Za vl\u00e1dy posledn\u00edho \u0161\u00e1ha R\u00e9zy Pahlav\u00edho do\u0161lo k velk\u00e9mu sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu a z\u00e1padn\u00edho sv\u011bta. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zde byl c\u00edtit v\u0159el\u00fd vztah s USA a dokonce i s Izraelem. \u00cdr\u00e1n byl toti\u017e jedna z m\u00e1la arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 uznala Izrael jako samostatn\u00fd st\u00e1t. Sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00e1padem m\u011blo dv\u011b roviny. Obchodn\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed. Persie je zem\u00ed, kde na ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u00e1r metrech najdete n\u011bjak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed nebo kulturn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed. Ropa, plyn, nerosty, kovy, drahokamy a vedle nich tis\u00edce let star\u00e9 artefakty. To v\u0161e se stalo velice \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdm v\u00fdvozn\u00edm atributem. Do Persie se vedle mnoha v\u00fddobytk\u016f modern\u00ed doby zase pro zm\u011bnu za\u010dal dov\u00e1\u017eet modern\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. Krom\u011b zcela legitimn\u00edch zm\u011bn, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad zaveden\u00ed volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va \u017een, zde za\u010dal pronikat i uvoln\u011bn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl. \u0160\u00e1h byl milovn\u00edkem, po\u017eitk\u00e1\u0159em a volnomy\u0161lenk\u00e1\u0159em. Bohu\u017eel neodhadl rozpolo\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho n\u00e1roda. Nejprve zapomn\u011bl na to, \u017ee v \u00cdr\u00e1nu jsou dv\u011b tradice. Persk\u00e1 a muslimsk\u00e1. V\u00fdvozem historick\u00fdch artefakt\u016f a jejich prodejem do rukou bohat\u00fdch Ameri\u010dan\u016f a Evropan\u016f si znep\u0159\u00e1telil ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed k Persk\u00e9 tradici. A zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00edho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu zase t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed se c\u00edtili b\u00fdt sou\u010d\u00e1sti tradice isl\u00e1msk\u00e9. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v tuto chv\u00edli vystoupil \u0161\u00editsk\u00fd duchovn\u00ed \u00e1jatoll\u00e1h R\u00faholl\u00e1h Chomejn\u00ed, jeho\u017e re\u017eim nejprve uv\u011bznil a pozd\u011bji vyhostil ze zem\u011b, a kter\u00e9mu se geni\u00e1ln\u011b poda\u0159ilo sjednotit ob\u011b strany. Jak ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se c\u00edtili b\u00fdt Per\u0161any, tak i ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se pova\u017eovali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za muslimy, byli natolik se stavem v\u011bc\u00ed znepokojeni, \u017ee se sjednotili a spojili ve spole\u010dn\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed proti \u0161\u00e1hu.\t \tOfici\u00e1ln\u00ed informace n\u00e1m pak cel\u00fd obraz mohou velice dob\u0159e dokreslit.\t\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 revoluce byla zcela jist\u011b jedna z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch vnitropolitick\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed 20. stolet\u00ed. Jak prav\u00ed literatura, \u0161\u00e1h  Muhammad Rez\u00e1 Pahlav\u00ed se sna\u017eil zemi modernizovat p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel se nedok\u00e1zal oprostit od tvrd\u00fdch policejn\u00edch praktik, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b se \u0161patnou ekonomickou situac\u00ed zp\u016fsobily vzr\u016fst opozi\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1lad mezi obyvatelstvem. Nejprve opozice zcela jist\u011b nebyla jednotn\u00e1. M\u00edchaly se zde levicov\u00e9 i liber\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly. Jednot\u00edc\u00edm prvkem v\u0161ech se ale stala postava R\u00faholl\u00e1ha Chomejn\u00edho. Jako \u0161i\u00edtsk\u00fd duchovn\u00ed byl bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u0161em opozi\u010dn\u00edm struktur\u00e1m a jeho perzekuce \u0161\u00e1hem vyvolala silnou odezvu. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b se pak Pahlav\u00edmu poda\u0159ilo ud\u011blat n\u011bkolik z\u00e1sadn\u00edch p\u0159e\u0161lap\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v zemi, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, uspo\u0159\u00e1dal grandi\u00f3zn\u00ed a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 oslavy 2500 let trv\u00e1n\u00ed monarchie. Jeho tajn\u00e1 policie ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b zatkla zhruba 2500 politick\u00fdch oponent\u016f, a krom\u011b v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 z nich potkalo i nelidsk\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed a mu\u010den\u00ed.\t\tTo v\u0161e vyvolalo velk\u00e9 nepokoje a demonstrace, kter\u00e9 za\u010daly ji\u017e v roce 1977. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed rok se p\u0159enesly do cel\u00e9ho Teher\u00e1nu a postupn\u011b se za\u010daly \u0161\u00ed\u0159it celou zem\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edm po\u017eadavkem opozice byla rezignace \u0161\u00e1ha a propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed politick\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f. Pozd\u011bji se k nim p\u0159idal i po\u017eadavek na n\u00e1vrat Chomejn\u00edho z pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9ho exilu. Velk\u00fd tlak na vl\u00e1du a st\u00e1le p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pouli\u010dn\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed nakonec vedly k tomu, \u017ee na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1979 \u0161\u00e1h uprchnul do exilu ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a hned dal\u0161\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc se do zem\u011b vr\u00e1til Chomejn\u00ed, kter\u00fd se z\u00e1hy stal de facto neomezen\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcem zem\u011b.\tSituace ani v dal\u0161\u00edch letech nebyla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159ehledn\u00e1. Zm\u011bny ve veden\u00ed zem\u011b a odklon od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0161\u00e1hovy sv\u011btsk\u00e9 proz\u00e1padn\u00ed politiky vedly k naprost\u00e9mu ochlazen\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a USA a n\u00e1sledn\u011b i \u00cdr\u00e1nem a okoln\u00edmu sunitsk\u00fdmi muslimsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Cel\u00e1 situace nakonec vyvrcholila \u00cdr\u00e1cko – \u00cdr\u00e1nskou v\u00e1lkou, kter\u00e1 trvala osm let.\tOdezvy osmdes\u00e1t\u00fdch let se vle\u010dou do dne\u0161n\u00edho dne. \u00cdr\u00e1n je jednou z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch velmoc\u00ed Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu. Jeho nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed s USA ale tak\u00e9 se Saudskou Ar\u00e1bii, mu v\u0161ak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed neust\u00e1le probl\u00e9my. Sankce ze strany USA a EU ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed ekonomickou situaci obyvatel, ale jejich hrdost nedovol\u00ed, aby ustoupili.\t  4.7\/5 - (10 votes) "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 revoluce v nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu","item":"https:\/\/www.reporty.cz\/islamska-revoluce-v-nejmodernejsi-zemi-blizkeho-vychodu\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]